GREENWICH, Conn.--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Townsquare Media, Inc. (NYSE:TSQ) (“Townsquare,” the “Company,” “we,” “us,” or “our”) announced today financial results for the first quarter ended March 31, 2016.
“Townsquare’s first quarter performance marked a solid start to 2016, driven by strong results across the Company. We grew pro forma net revenue 6.7% and saw particular strength in many of our local markets,” commented Steven Price, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Townsquare.
First Quarter Highlights
As compared to the first quarter of 2015 on a pro forma basis:
- Net revenue increased 6.7%
- Local Advertising net revenue increased 4.4%
- Other Media and Entertainment net revenue increased 45.3%
- Adjusted EBITDA increased 3.3%
Quarter Ended March 31, 2016 Compared to the Quarter Ended March 31, 2015
Net Revenue
Net revenue for the quarter ended March 31, 2016 increased $13.3 million, or 16.4%, to $94.4 million, as compared to $81.1 million in the same period last year. This was driven primarily by the net revenue contribution of North American Midway Entertainment ("NAME"), which was acquired on September 1, 2015. Local Advertising net revenue increased $2.9 million, or 4.4%, to $67.9 million, Live Events net revenue increased $7.4 million, or 90.4%, to $15.5 million and Other Media and Entertainment net revenue increased $3.1 million, or 38.9%, to $11.0 million. Excluding political revenue, net revenue increased $12.2 million, or 15.1%, to $93.0 million and Local Advertising net revenue increased $1.8 million, or 2.7%, to $66.5 million.
Pro forma net revenue increased $5.9 million, or 6.7%, to $94.4 million, as compared to $88.5 million in the same period last year. As used in this release, the term “pro forma” means pro forma for the acquisition of NAME and the divestiture of 43 of our towers on September 1, 2015. Local Advertising net revenue increased $2.9 million, or 4.4%, to $67.9 million, Live Events net revenue decreased $0.4 million, or 2.2%, to $15.5 million due to the timing of certain events and Other Media and Entertainment net revenue increased $3.4 million, or 45.3%, to $11.0 million. Excluding political revenue, net revenue increased $4.8 million, or 5.5%, to $93.0 million and Local Advertising net revenue increased $1.8 million, or 2.7%, to $66.5 million.
Adjusted EBITDA
Adjusted EBITDA for the quarter ended March 31, 2016 decreased $2.6 million, or 17.7%, to $12.0 million, as compared to $14.5 million in the same period last year.
Pro forma Adjusted EBITDA for the quarter ended March 31, 2016 increased $0.4 million, or 3.3%, to $12.0 million, compared to $11.6 million in the same period last year.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
As of March 31, 2016, we had a total of $30.8 million of cash on hand and $50.0 million of available borrowing capacity under our revolving credit facility. As of March 31, 2016, we had $598.1 million of outstanding indebtedness and $567.2 million of outstanding indebtedness net of cash, representing 5.8x and 5.5x gross and net leverage, respectively, based on pro forma Adjusted EBITDA for the twelve months ended March 31, 2016 of $102.9 million.
The table below presents a summary, as of May 9, 2016, of our outstanding common stock and securities convertible into common stock, excluding options issued under our 2014 Omnibus Incentive Plan.
|
Security |
Number Outstanding1 |
Description |
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| Class A common stock | 10,477,551 | One vote per share. | ||||
| Class B common stock | 3,022,484 | 10 votes per share.2 | ||||
| Class C common stock | 4,894,480 | No votes.2 | ||||
| Warrants | 8,977,676 |
Each warrant is exercisable for one share of Class A common stock,
at an |
||||
| Total | 27,372,191 | |||||
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|
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1 Each of the shares of common stock listed below, including the shares of Class A common stock issuable upon exercise of the warrants, have equal economic rights.
2 Each share converts into 1 share of Class A common stock upon transfer or at the option of the holder, subject to certain conditions, including compliance with FCC rules.
3 The warrants are fully vested and exercisable for shares of Class A common stock, subject to certain conditions, including compliance with FCC rules.
Segment Reporting
We have two reportable operating segments, which are Local Advertising and Live Events, and report the remainder of our business in an Other Media and Entertainment category. Our Local Advertising segment is composed of broadcast, digital and mobile advertising on our stations, streams, websites and mobile application. Our Live Events segment is composed of a diverse range of live events, which we create, promote and produce, including musical concerts, multi-day music festivals, fairs, consumer expositions and trade shows, athletic events, lifestyle events and other forms of entertainment. The Other Media and Entertainment business principally includes digital marketing solutions, national digital assets and other revenue.
Conference Call
Townsquare Media, Inc. will host a conference call to discuss certain first quarter 2016 financial results on Tuesday, May 10, 2016 at 8:00 a.m. Eastern Time. The conference call dial-in number is 1-877-407-0784 (U.S. & Canada) or 1-201-689-8560 (International) and the confirmation code is 13634556. A live webcast of the conference call will also be available on the equity investor relations page of the Company's website at www.townsquaremedia.com.
A replay of the conference call will be available through May 17, 2016. To access the replay, please dial 1-877-870-5176 (U.S. & Canada) or 1-858-384-5517 (International) and enter confirmation code 13634556. A web-based archive of the conference call will also be available at the above website for thirty days after the call.
About Townsquare Media, Inc.
Townsquare is a media, entertainment and digital marketing solutions company principally focused on small and mid-sized markets across the U.S. Our assets include 309 radio stations and more than 325 local websites in 66 U.S. markets, approximately 550 live events with nearly 18 million attendees each year in the U.S. and Canada, a digital marketing solutions company serving approximately 8,700 small to medium sized businesses, and one of the largest digital advertising networks focused on music and entertainment reaching more than 60 million unique visitors each month. Our brands include iconic local media assets such as WYRK, KLAQ, K2 and NJ101.5; acclaimed music festivals such as Mountain Jam, WE Fest and the Taste of Country Music Festival; unique touring lifestyle and entertainment events such as the America on Tap craft beer festival series, the Insane Inflatable 5K obstacle race series and North American Midway Entertainment, North America’s largest mobile amusement company; and leading tastemaker music and entertainment owned and affiliated websites such as XXL.com, TasteofCountry.com, Loudwire.com, JustJared.com and BrooklynVegan.com. For more information, please visit www.townsquaremedia.com.
Forward-Looking Statements
Except for the historical information contained in this press release, the matters addressed are forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Forward-looking statements, written, oral or otherwise made, represent the Company’s expectation or belief concerning future events. Without limiting the foregoing, the words “believes,” “expects,” “may,” “will,” “should,” “seeks,” “intends,” “plans,” “strives,” “goal,” “estimates,” “forecasts,” “projects” or “anticipates” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. By nature, forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those projected or implied by the forward-looking statement. Forward-looking statements are based on current expectations and assumptions and currently available data and are neither predictions nor guarantees of future events or performance. You should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date hereof. See “Risk Factors” and “Forward-Looking Statements” included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on or about the date hereof, for a discussion of factors that could cause our actual results to differ from those expressed or implied by forward-looking statements. Townsquare Media, Inc. assumes no responsibility to update any forward-looking statement as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.
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TOWNSQUARE MEDIA, INC. CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (In Thousands, Except Share and per Share Data) (unaudited) |
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March 31, 2016 |
December 31, 2015 |
||||||||
| ASSETS | ||||||||||
| Current assets: | ||||||||||
| Cash | $ | 30,820 | $ | 33,298 | ||||||
| Accounts receivable, net of allowance of $2,251 and $2,114, respectively | 52,382 | 60,143 | ||||||||
| Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 17,722 | 9,766 | ||||||||
| Total current assets | 100,924 | 103,207 | ||||||||
| Property and equipment, net | 135,210 | 133,943 | ||||||||
| Intangible assets, net | 516,750 | 517,979 | ||||||||
| Goodwill | 292,953 | 292,953 | ||||||||
| Investments | 5,049 | 5,049 | ||||||||
| Other assets | 7,450 | 7,580 | ||||||||
| Total assets | $ | 1,058,336 | $ | 1,060,711 | ||||||
| LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY | ||||||||||
| Current liabilities: | ||||||||||
| Accounts payable | $ | 6,699 | $ | 9,549 | ||||||
| Current portion of long-term debt | 173 | 171 | ||||||||
| Deferred revenue | 24,195 | 17,496 | ||||||||
| Accrued expenses and other current liabilities | 21,862 | 29,958 | ||||||||
| Accrued interest | 9,763 | 4,910 | ||||||||
| Total current liabilities | 62,692 | 62,084 | ||||||||
| Long-term debt, less current portion (net of deferred finance costs of $9,581 and $9,962, respectively) | 588,314 | 588,657 | ||||||||
| Deferred tax liability | 34,387 | 35,233 | ||||||||
| Other long-term liabilities | 11,020 | 11,297 | ||||||||
| Total liabilities | 696,413 | 697,271 | ||||||||
| Stockholders’ equity: | ||||||||||
|
Class A common stock, par value $0.01 per share; 300,000,000
shares authorized; 9,946,354 shares |
100 | 100 | ||||||||
|
Class B common stock, par value $0.01 per share; 50,000,000 shares
authorized; 3,022,484
shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively |
30 | 30 | ||||||||
|
Class C common stock, par value $0.01 per share; 50,000,000 shares
authorized; 4,894,480
shares issued and outstanding at both March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively |
49 | 49 | ||||||||
| Total common stock | 179 | 179 | ||||||||
| Additional paid-in capital | 361,438 | 361,186 | ||||||||
| Retained (deficit) earnings | (70 | ) | 1,391 | |||||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income | (313 | ) | 44 | |||||||
| Non-controlling interest | 689 | 640 | ||||||||
| Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity | $ | 1,058,336 | $ | 1,060,711 | ||||||
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TOWNSQUARE MEDIA, INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (in Thousands, Except Per Share Data) (unaudited) |
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|
Three Months Ended
March 31, |
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| 2016 | 2015 | ||||||||||
| Net revenue | $ | 94,432 | $ | 81,118 | |||||||
| Operating costs and expenses: | |||||||||||
| Direct operating expenses, excluding depreciation, amortization and stock-based compensation | 76,905 | 61,329 | |||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 6,123 | 3,671 | |||||||||
| Corporate expenses | 5,557 | 5,240 | |||||||||
| Stock-based compensation | 252 | — | |||||||||
| Transaction costs | 169 | 47 | |||||||||
| Net gain on sale of assets | (366 | ) | (7 | ) | |||||||
| Total operating costs and expenses | 88,640 | 70,280 | |||||||||
| Operating income | 5,792 | 10,838 | |||||||||
| Other expenses: | |||||||||||
| Interest expense, net | 8,565 | 10,561 | |||||||||
| Other (income) expense, net | (483 | ) | 48 | ||||||||
| (Loss) income before income taxes | (2,290 | ) | 229 | ||||||||
| (Benefit) provision for income taxes | (907 | ) | 98 | ||||||||
|
Net (loss) income |
$ | (1,383 | ) | $ | 131 | ||||||
| Net (loss) income attributable to: | |||||||||||
| Controlling interests | $ | (1,461 | ) | $ | 96 | ||||||
| Non-controlling interests | 78 | 35 | |||||||||
| Net (loss) income per share: | |||||||||||
| Basic | $ | (0.08 | ) | $ | 0.01 | ||||||
| Diluted | $ | (0.08 | ) | $ | — | ||||||
| Weighted average shares outstanding: | |||||||||||
| Basic | 17,863 | 17,374 | |||||||||
| Diluted | 17,863 | 33,767 | |||||||||
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TOWNSQUARE MEDIA, INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (unaudited, in thousands) |
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Three Months Ended
March 31, |
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| 2016 | 2015 | ||||||||||
| Cash flows from operating activities: | |||||||||||
| Net (loss) income attributable to: | |||||||||||
| Controlling interests | $ | (1,461 | ) | $ | 96 | ||||||
| Non-controlling interests | 78 | 35 | |||||||||
| Net (loss) income | $ | (1,383 | ) | $ | 131 | ||||||
| Adjustments to reconcile net (loss) income to net cash from operating activities: | |||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 6,123 | 3,671 | |||||||||
| Amortization of deferred financing costs | 380 | 575 | |||||||||
| Deferred income tax (benefit) expense | (907 | ) | 98 | ||||||||
| Provision for (recovery of) doubtful accounts | 610 | (360 | ) | ||||||||
| Stock-based compensation expense | 252 | — | |||||||||
| Cancellation of debt | (34 | ) | — | ||||||||
| Amortization of bond premium | — | (424 | ) | ||||||||
| Net gain on sale of assets | (366 | ) | (7 | ) | |||||||
| Changes in assets and liabilities, net of acquisitions: | |||||||||||
| Accounts receivable | 6,353 | 8,584 | |||||||||
| Prepaid expenses and other assets | (7,332 | ) | (1,474 | ) | |||||||
| Accounts payable | (2,871 | ) | 329 | ||||||||
| Accrued expenses | (1,460 | ) | (830 | ) | |||||||
| Accrued interest | 4,853 | 9,678 | |||||||||
| Other long-term liabilities | (277 | ) | 10 | ||||||||
| Net cash provided by operating activities | 3,941 | 19,981 | |||||||||
| Cash flows from investing activities: | |||||||||||
| Payments for acquisitions, net of cash received | — | (2,673 | ) | ||||||||
| Acquisition of intangibles | — | (32 | ) | ||||||||
| Purchase of property and equipment | (6,496 | ) | (3,133 | ) | |||||||
| Proceeds from insurance settlement | 451 | — | |||||||||
| Proceeds from sale of assets | 842 | 53 | |||||||||
| Net cash used in investing activities | (5,203 | ) | (5,785 | ) | |||||||
| Cash flows from financing activities: | |||||||||||
| Offering costs | — | (99 | ) | ||||||||
| Repayment of long-term debt | (646 | ) | (284 | ) | |||||||
| Cash distributions to non-controlling interests | (29 | ) | (23 | ) | |||||||
| Repayments of capitalized obligations | (42 | ) | (39 | ) | |||||||
| Net cash used in financing activities | (717 | ) | (445 | ) | |||||||
| Net effect of foreign currency exchange rate changes | (499 | ) | — | ||||||||
| Net (decrease) increase in cash | (2,478 | ) | 13,751 | ||||||||
| Cash: | |||||||||||
| Beginning of period | 33,298 | 24,462 | |||||||||
| End of period | $ | 30,820 | $ | 38,213 | |||||||
| Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information: | |||||||||||
| Cash payments: | |||||||||||
| Interest | $ | 3,323 | $ | 719 | |||||||
| Income taxes | 435 | 182 | |||||||||
| Barter transactions: | |||||||||||
| Barter revenue – included in net revenue | $ | 4,217 | $ | 2,992 | |||||||
| Barter expense – included in direct operating expenses | 3,080 | 2,874 | |||||||||
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TOWNSQUARE MEDIA, INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS BY SEGMENT (in Thousands) (unaudited) |
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Three Months Ended
March 31, |
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| 2016 | 2015 | ||||||||||
| Statement of Operations Data: | |||||||||||
| Local Advertising net revenue | $ | 67,915 | $ | 65,053 | |||||||
| Live Events net revenue | 15,546 | 8,166 | |||||||||
| Other Media and Entertainment net revenue | 10,971 | 7,899 | |||||||||
| Net revenue | 94,432 | 81,118 | |||||||||
| Operating Costs and Expenses: | |||||||||||
| Local Advertising direct operating expenses | 48,236 | 46,202 | |||||||||
| Live Events direct operating expenses | 18,787 | 7,572 | |||||||||
| Other Media and Entertainment direct operating expenses | 9,882 | 7,555 | |||||||||
|
Direct operating expenses, excluding depreciation, amortization
and stock-based |
76,905 | 61,329 | |||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 6,123 | 3,671 | |||||||||
| Corporate expenses | 5,557 | 5,240 | |||||||||
| Stock-based compensation | 252 | — | |||||||||
| Transaction costs | 169 | 47 | |||||||||
| Net gain on sale of assets | (366 | ) | (7 | ) | |||||||
| Total operating costs and expenses | 88,640 | 70,280 | |||||||||
| Operating income | 5,792 | 10,838 | |||||||||
| Other expense: | |||||||||||
| Interest expense, net | 8,565 | 10,561 | |||||||||
| Other (income) expense, net | (483 | ) | 48 | ||||||||
| Total other expense | 8,082 | 10,609 | |||||||||
| (Loss) income before income taxes | (2,290 | ) | 229 | ||||||||
| (Benefit) provision for income taxes | (907 | ) | 98 | ||||||||
| Net (loss) income | $ | (1,383 | ) | $ | 131 | ||||||
The following table summarizes pro forma net revenue and direct operating expenses broken out by segment for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively (dollars in thousands):
|
Three Months Ended
March 31, |
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| 2016 | 2015 | |||||||||
| Statement of Operations Data: | ||||||||||
| Local Advertising net revenue | $ | 67,915 | $ | 65,053 | ||||||
| Live Events net revenue | 15,546 | 15,900 | ||||||||
| Other Media and Entertainment net revenue | 10,971 | 7,551 | ||||||||
| Net revenue | 94,432 | 88,504 | ||||||||
| Operating Costs and Expenses: | ||||||||||
| Local Advertising direct operating expenses | 48,236 | 46,109 | ||||||||
| Live Events direct operating expenses | 18,787 | 18,014 | ||||||||
| Other Media and Entertainment direct operating expenses | 9,882 | 7,555 | ||||||||
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Direct operating expenses, excluding depreciation, amortization
and stock-based |
76,905 | 71,678 | ||||||||
| Direct Profit | $ | 17,527 | $ | 16,826 | ||||||
The following table reconciles on a GAAP basis net (loss) income, the most directly comparable financial measure calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP, to Direct Profit and Adjusted EBITDA for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively (dollars in thousands):
| Actual | |||||||||||
|
Three Months Ended
March 31, |
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| 2016 | 2015 | ||||||||||
| Net (loss) income | $ | (1,383 | ) | $ | 131 | ||||||
| (Benefit) provision for income taxes | (907 | ) | 98 | ||||||||
| Interest expense, net | 8,565 | 10,561 | |||||||||
| Transaction costs | 169 | 47 | |||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 6,123 | 3,671 | |||||||||
| Corporate expenses | 5,557 | 5,240 | |||||||||
| Stock-based compensation | 252 | — | |||||||||
| Other(a) | (849 | ) | 41 | ||||||||
| Direct Profit | 17,527 | 19,789 | |||||||||
| Corporate expenses | (5,557 | ) | (5,240 | ) | |||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA | $ | 11,970 | $ | 14,549 | |||||||
(a) Other includes net (gain) loss on sale of assets and other (income) expense, net.
The following table reconciles on a pro forma basis net loss, the most directly comparable financial measure calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP, to Direct Profit and Adjusted EBITDA for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively (dollars in thousands):
| Pro Forma | |||||||||||
|
Three Months Ended
March 31, |
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| 2016 | 2015 | ||||||||||
| Net loss | $ | (1,383 | ) | $ | (2,094 | ) | |||||
| Benefit for income taxes | (907 | ) | (1,619 | ) | |||||||
| Interest expense, net | 8,565 | 8,462 | |||||||||
| Transaction costs | 169 | 47 | |||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 6,123 | 6,551 | |||||||||
| Corporate expenses | 5,557 | 5,240 | |||||||||
| Stock-based compensation | 252 | — | |||||||||
| Other(a) | (849 | ) | 239 | ||||||||
| Direct Profit | 17,527 | 16,826 | |||||||||
| Corporate expenses | (5,557 | ) | (5,240 | ) | |||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA | $ | 11,970 | $ | 11,586 | |||||||
(a) Other includes net (gain) loss on sale of assets and other (income) expense, net.
The following table reconciles on a pro forma basis net (loss) income, the most directly comparable financial measure calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP, to Direct Profit and Adjusted EBITDA on a quarterly basis for the twelve months ended March 31, 2016 (dollars in thousands):
| Quarter Ended |
Twelve |
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|
June 30, |
September |
December |
March 31, |
March 31, |
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| Net (loss) income | $ | (12,597 | ) | $ | 21,414 | $ | 2,764 | $ | (1,383 | ) | $ | 10,198 | |||||||||||
| (Benefit) provision for income taxes | (9,743 | ) | 16,560 | 2,139 | (907 | ) | 8,049 | ||||||||||||||||
| Net loss on debt extinguishment | 30,017 | 288 | — | — | 30,305 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense, net | 8,496 | 8,530 | 8,529 | 8,565 | 34,120 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Transaction costs | 125 | 1,125 | 442 | 169 | 1,861 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 6,525 | 6,769 | 5,508 | 6,123 | 24,925 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate expenses | 6,602 | 6,106 | 7,463 | 5,557 | 25,728 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation | 1,403 | 2,875 | — | 252 | 4,530 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Impairment FCC licenses | — | — | 1,680 | — | 1,680 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Other(a) | 23 | (11,926 | ) | 28 | (849 | ) | (12,724 | ) | |||||||||||||||
| Direct Profit | 30,851 | 51,741 | 28,553 | 17,527 | 128,672 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate expenses | (6,602 | ) | (6,106 | ) | (7,463 | ) | (5,557 | ) | (25,728 | ) | |||||||||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA | $ | 24,249 | $ | 45,635 | $ | 21,090 | $ | 11,970 | $ | 102,944 | |||||||||||||
(a) Other includes net (gain) loss on sale of assets and other (income) expense, net.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures and Definitions
We believe that our financial statements and the other financial data included herein have been prepared in a manner that complies, in all material respects, with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States, or GAAP, and are consistent with current practice with the exception of the presentation of certain non-GAAP financial measures, including Direct Profit and Adjusted EBITDA (each as defined below).
We define Direct Profit as net income (loss) before the deduction of income taxes, other (income) expense (net), interest expense, net loss on debt extinguishment, transaction costs, corporate expenses, net (gain) loss on sale of assets, impairment of FCC licenses and depreciation and amortization. Adjusted EBITDA is defined as Direct Profit less corporate expenses (excluding stock-based compensation). Direct Profit and Adjusted EBITDA do not represent, and should not be considered as alternatives to, net (loss) income or cash flows from operations, as determined under U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, or GAAP.
We use Direct Profit and Adjusted EBITDA to facilitate company-to-company operating performance comparisons by backing out potential differences caused by variations in capital structures (affecting interest expense), taxation and the age and book depreciation of facilities and equipment (affecting relative depreciation expense), which may vary for different companies for reasons unrelated to operating performance. In addition, we rely upon Direct Profit to analyze the performance of our segments, as it reflects all revenue and expenses directly attributable to our segments’ operations, including all corporate overhead expenses that are directly attributed to a segment and necessary to support its revenue, without regard to corporate overhead that is not directly attributable to a segment’s operations (such as expenses related to HR, finance, and accounting functions and expenses incurred in connection with an initial public offering). As a result, by removing these expenses, management can better analyze the factors that are, in fact, directly affecting the profitability of its core business segments at and within the segments. Further, while discretionary bonuses for members of management are not determined with reference to specific targets, our Board of Directors may consider Direct Profit and Adjusted EBITDA when determining discretionary bonuses.
